Điều hòa không khí hay điều hòa nhiệt độ ( gọi tắt là máy điều hòa hay máy lạnh )

15:33, 22/10/2015
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Điều hòa không khí hay điều hòa nhiệt độ ( gọi tắt là máy điều hòa hay máy lạnh ) là duy trì không khí trong phòng ổn định về nhiệt độ, độ ẩm, độ sạch, và thay đổi thành phần không khí và áp suất không khí.

Điều hòa không khí cưỡng bức thông qua thiết bị làm lạnh hoặc làm nóng, quạt gió, phun ẩm, hút ẩm làm khô, tạo khí ôxi, ion âm,...

Thường thiết bị điều hòa không khí chủ yếu phục vụ cho con người là chính, nhưng ngày nay thiết bị được sử dụng rộng rãi hơn như cho động vật, thực vật, máy móc, trang thiết bị y tế, thuốc men dược phẩm,...

Đối với điều hòa làm lạnh không khí

Hệ thống làm lạnh không khí gồm có một máy nén khí bơm gas áp suất cao đến dàn nóng (outdoor), tại đây khí gas sẽ tỏa nhiệt với môi trường ngoài nhờ quạt gió (gia dụng) hay nước (công nghiệp), hoặc bình ngưng.

Sự giảm nhiệt này làm khí hóa lỏng và chảy về van tiết lưu (van này có tác dụng tạo chênh lệch áp suất cần thiết cho hệ thống)phun vào dàn lạnh (indoor) tại đây, dưới áp suất thấp gas lỏng sẽ bay hơi và thu nhiệt môi trường cần làm lạnh sau đó được máy nén hút về để bơm tiếp một chu trình mới.

Cách tính công suất điện của điều hòa

Thông số của điều hòa thường được ghi là BTU (Đơn vị nhiệt Anh - British Thermal Unit). Từ thông số BTU nhân với giá trị 0,0002929 sẽ ra công suất lạnh của điều hòa. Khi hoạt động, điều hòa không làm việc liên tục. Khi cung cấp đủ năng lượng để làm giảm nhiệt độ phòng tới mức nhất định nó sẽ ngừng làm lạnh. Nên để tính ra công suất điện của điều hòa thì tùy vào loại máy công nghiệp hay gia dụng thì sẽ lấy công suất lạnh chia cho ~3,2 hoặc ~2,8. Vị dụ, điều hòa gia dụng có thông số 9.000BTU thì công suất lạnh sẽ là 9000 x 0,0002929 = 2,63764 KW suy ra công suất điện: 2,63764 KW / 2,8 = 0,942 KW.

Máy lạnh là kết quả của phát minh được thực hiện bởi Matthew Edward Kramer.

Thương hiệu máy lạnh hàng đầu hiện nay